Nowadays we live in a world dominated by a global political and economical system, which destroys the very ecosystems of which we all are dependent off. The integrity of these ecosystems is continuously being compromised by factors such as global warming, loss of biodiversity due to deforestation, extinctions, commercial hunting, invasive foreign species, pollution and the advance of capitalism via globalisation, the latter likely being the cause of all previous. The Republic of Guinea-Bissau (RGB) is no exception to this rule: this small West African country is currently facing an economic crisis which has a major negative impact on the local ecosystems, the very ones which are so indispensible to the survival of Guinea’s life.  This study intends to identify the changes occurred in the relation between the surrounding environment, the landscape and the local communities since the period before the so called “liberation war” until today. The studied region is in one section of Cubucaré peninsula, a place characterized by household farm economies. We will describe the livelihoods of the communities living inside the Cantanhez Forest National Park (CFNP) and their relation with the surrounding environment. Finally we will assess the monoculture in the region, the cashew (cash crop), and its consequences to the local economy as well as to the ecossystem. This reflection will have into account the dominant political and socio-economic system where we humans live: capitalism. The results achieved were obtained through the collection of qualitative data directly on the field (CFNP) in 2017.  

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